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sql基础教程1

针对常用命令直接实践掌握

一、基础命令

1.启动登录

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service mysqld start //启动mysql
mysql -u root -p password //登陆root password

2.建立新用户(grant命令)

格式:
grant all privileges on 数据库.* to 用户名@登录主机 identified by “密码”;   

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grant all privileges on shopex.* to test@localhost identified by 
"1234";  

增加一个用户test密码为”1234”,让他只可以在localhost上登录,并可以对数据库Shopex进行所有的操作(localhost指本地主机,即MYSQL数据库所在的那台主机)

3.操作数据库

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create database student_management;
//创建数据库
show databases;
use student_management;
show table;

create table student_info(stu_id int,name varchar(8),sex varchar(4),class varchar(16));
//创建student_info表

create table teacher_info(tea_id int primary key,name varchar(8),sex varchar(4) check(sex=’男’ or sex=’女’),join_time date,nationality varchar(8) default ’汉族’)
//主键、约束、默认值

desc student_info;
//查看表结构

二、对表数据操作

1.增删改

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insert into student_info values(20080201,’张帅’,’男’,’计算机软件’);
//增加一行数据

update student_info set class=’计算机软件’ where name=’王青’;
//修改一行数据

delete from student_info where name=’张玲’;
//删除一行数据

2.查询

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select * from student_info order by stu_id;
//order by子句:按顺序排序

select stu_id,class from student_info where name=’李飞’;
//where子句:过滤记录

select count(*) from student_info;
//count()函数:计数

select name from student_info where name like '张%';
//like操作符:模式(模糊)匹配,"%"符号用于在模式的前后定义通配符(缺省字母)

三、对表结构操作

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alter table student_info add tel_num int(11);
//添加字段

alter table student_info change name stu_name varchar(8);
//修改字段名称

alter table student_info modify stu_id int primary key;
//修改字段属性

alter tavle student_info modify tel_num int(22);
//同上

alter table student_info drop column tel_num;
//删除字段

drop table course_info;
//删除表

drop database student_management;
//删除数据库