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教程3 Django操作Mysql(删除、修改数据)

发表于 更新于 分类于 Valine：

Django框架,以MVT(mvc+T)模式高效开发web,超越spring系列的存在

Django操作Mysql(删除、修改数据)

一.前期工作

  • 生成app

命令行输入

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>python manage.py startapp webname
  • 配置setting.py
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#数据库
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        #'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        #'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'testdata2',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': '121212', #数据库密码
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
        'PORT': '3306'
    }
}

#注册app
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'web',
]

  • 配置__init__.py
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# 先安装pymysql包
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

二.MVC配置

  • model层(models.py)

    建几个类就对应几张表

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    from django.db import models

    # Create your models here.
    class Classes(models.Model):
        titile = models.CharField(max_length=32)
        m = models.ManyToManyField("Teachers")

    class Teachers(models.Model):
        name = models.CharField (max_length=32)

    class Student(models.Model):
        username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
        age = models.IntegerField()
        gender = models.BooleanField()
        cs = models.ForeignKey(Classes,on_delete=models.CASCADE,)
  • views层(views.py)

    先把views.py删除,用一个文件夹views替代，在文件夹下建立classes.py、students.py、teachers.py三个文件,分别代表三个视图

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#其中classes.py如下:
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import redirect
from web import models


def get_classes(request):
    cls_list = models.Classes.objects.all()
    return render(request, 'get_classes.html', {'cls_list': cls_list})


def add_classes(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, 'add_classes.html')
    elif request.method == 'POST':
        title = request.POST.get('titile')
        models.Classes.objects.create(titile=title)
        return redirect('/get_classes.html')


def del_classes(request):
    nid = request.GET.get('nid')
    models.Classes.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()
    return redirect('/get_classes.html')


def edit_classes(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        nid = request.GET.get('nid')
        obj = models.Classes.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
        return render(request, 'edit_classes.html', {'obj': obj})
    elif request.method == 'POST':
        nid = request.GET.get('nid')
        title = request.POST.get('title')
        models.Classes.objects.filter(id=nid).update(titile=title)
        return redirect('/get_classes.html')
  • control层(urls.py文件)
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from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from web.views import classes

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^get_classes.html$', classes.get_classes),
    url(r'^add_classes.html$', classes.add_classes),
    url(r'^del_classes.html$', classes.del_classes),
    url(r'^edit_classes.html$', classes.edit_classes),
    url(r'',classes.get_classes),#首页默认页面
]

三、模版层(templates)

先创建templates文件夹，在settings.py设置templates文件夹路径(参考上一讲)

  • get_classes.html
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    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <div>
        <a href="/add_classes.html">添加</a>
    </div>
    <div>
        <table border="1">
            <thead>
            <tr>
                <th>ID</th>
                <th>名称</th>
                <th>操作</th>
            </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
            {% for row in cls_list %}
                <tr>
                    <td>{{ row.id }}</td>
                    <td>{{ row.titile }}</td>
                    <td>
                        <a href="/del_classes.html?nid={{ row.id }}">删除</a>
                        |
                        <a href="/edit_classes.html?nid={{ row.id }}">编辑</a>
                    </td>
                </tr>
            {% endfor %}
            </tbody>
        </table>
    </div>
    </body>
    </html>
  • add_classes.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="add_classes.html" method="POST">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <input type="text" name="titile" />
    <input type="submit" value="提交" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
  • edit_classes.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
    <form action="/edit_classes.html?nid={{ obj.id }}" method="POST">
        {% csrf_token %}
    <input type="text" name="title" value="{{ obj.titile }}" />
    <input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>

四、其他

  • 同步到数据库操作

    命令行两步操作

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>python manage.py makemigrate webname #输出modles到数据库到中间文件

>python namge.py migrate #同步到数据库
  • 中文设置

    Django和Mysql本身默认数据库编码不能识别中文数据，需将设置

    1.setting.py文件

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DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        #'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        #'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'testdata3',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': '121212', #数据库密码
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
        'PORT': '3306',
        'CHARSET':'utf8',
        'COLLATION':'utf8_general_ci',
    }
}

//增加CHARSET字段
//增加增加COLLATION字段

image

2. mysql设置

通过设置设置编码utf-8支持中文

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>show create database xxx
//查看xxx数据库编码

>show create table xxx
//查看表xxx编码

>alter table table_name convert to character set utf8;
//更改表编码

>create database xxx character set utf8
//创建数据库xxx时设定编码

>alter database xxx character set utf8;
//修改数据库xxx时设定编码

>insert into xxx values  ("小明")；
//测试中文

参考

https://www.cnblogs.com/nulige/p/6529175.html